Oncology
Oncology & Comprehensive Cancer Care
Oncology is the branch of medicine focused on the diagnosis, treatment and management of cancer. Cancer can affect different organs and tissues, and each type may require a different approach to treatment.
At Habib Hospital, patients can enquire about cancer-related consultations, diagnostic evaluation and appropriate treatment guidance. The recommended approach depends on the type of cancer, its stage, the patient's general health and individual treatment needs.
Cancer care may involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy or a combination of treatments. The treating team determines suitable options based on the diagnosis and clinical findings.
Understanding Cancer
Cancer develops when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably and may invade nearby tissues or spread to other parts of the body. Different cancers behave differently, so accurate diagnosis is important for choosing appropriate treatment.
Some cancers may be detected through screening before symptoms develop. Others may be identified after a patient experiences persistent symptoms or undergoes investigations for another medical concern.
Early medical evaluation can help identify the cause of concerning symptoms and determine whether additional investigations are needed.
Comprehensive Oncology Services
Cancer management involves several steps, from initial assessment and diagnosis to treatment planning and follow-up. Depending on the patient's needs and the services available, care may include:
- Cancer-related consultation and evaluation
- Review of biopsy and diagnostic reports
- Assessment of cancer stage and extent
- Guidance regarding treatment options
- Coordination with relevant specialists
- Follow-up and supportive care planning
Cancer Diagnosis & Evaluation
Accurate diagnosis helps determine the type of cancer and guides treatment decisions. The evaluation may begin with a medical history, physical examination and review of the patient's symptoms.
Depending on the suspected condition, investigations may include blood tests, imaging studies, endoscopy or a biopsy. A biopsy involves examining a tissue sample to identify abnormal cells and determine the cancer type.
Further tests may be required to assess whether the disease has spread and to establish the stage of cancer. The investigations recommended vary according to the diagnosis.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy uses medicines to destroy cancer cells or slow their growth. It may be recommended for certain cancers before surgery, after surgery or as a primary treatment, depending on the disease.
Chemotherapy may be given through a vein, by mouth or through other prescribed methods. Treatment is commonly organised into cycles, with rest periods that allow the body time to recover.
Possible side effects vary according to the medicines used and the individual patient. These may include tiredness, nausea, appetite changes, hair loss or changes in blood cell counts. The oncology team can explain how side effects are monitored and managed.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy uses carefully planned high-energy radiation to damage cancer cells. It may be used to treat certain tumours, reduce the risk of cancer returning or relieve symptoms caused by the disease.
Radiation therapy may be recommended alone or alongside surgery or drug treatment. The treatment schedule and expected side effects depend on the type of cancer and the area being treated.
Patients should confirm the availability of radiation therapy and related facilities with the hospital.
Surgical Oncology
Surgery may be used to remove cancerous tissue, obtain a biopsy or manage certain complications related to cancer. It can form an important part of treatment for selected cancers.
The type of operation depends on the location and extent of the tumour, nearby structures and the patient's general health. Some patients may also require chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
A surgical consultation helps explain the purpose of an operation, its potential benefits, possible risks and available alternatives.
Targeted Therapy & Immunotherapy
Targeted therapy uses medicines designed to act on specific features involved in cancer cell growth. Its suitability depends on the cancer type and, in some cases, specific tumour biomarkers.
Immunotherapy helps the immune system recognise or respond to cancer cells. It can be useful for certain cancers, but it is not suitable for every patient.
The treating oncologist evaluates the diagnosis, test results and expected benefits before recommending these treatments.
Common Types of Cancer
Cancer can develop in many parts of the body. Treatment depends on the specific cancer type and its stage. Common categories include:
- Breast cancer
- Lung cancer
- Oral and head and neck cancers
- Gastrointestinal cancers
- Gynaecological cancers
- Blood cancers, including leukaemia and lymphoma
- Prostate and other urological cancers
- Skin and soft tissue cancers
Importance of Cancer Screening
Cancer screening involves testing people who may not have symptoms to look for certain cancers at an earlier stage. Appropriate screening depends on factors such as age, medical history, family history and individual risk.
Screening recommendations differ for different cancers. A healthcare professional can explain which screening tests may be appropriate and how often they should be considered.
Screening tests do not diagnose every cancer. An abnormal result may require additional investigations for clarification.
Recognising Symptoms That Need Evaluation
Cancer symptoms vary according to the organ involved. Many symptoms can also be caused by non-cancerous conditions, but persistent or unexplained changes should be medically evaluated.
- An unexplained lump or swelling
- Unexplained weight loss
- Persistent or unusual pain
- Changes in bowel or bladder habits
- Unusual bleeding or discharge
- A persistent cough or difficulty swallowing
- Changes in an existing mole or skin lesion
These symptoms do not necessarily indicate cancer. A medical consultation can help determine whether testing or further evaluation is required.
Nutrition & Support During Cancer Treatment
Maintaining nutrition and hydration can be challenging during some cancer treatments. Appetite changes, nausea, mouth discomfort and fatigue may affect eating habits.
Patients may benefit from individualised dietary guidance based on their treatment, symptoms and nutritional needs. The healthcare team can also advise when additional nutritional support is appropriate.
Emotional & Psychological Support
A cancer diagnosis can affect a patient's emotional well-being as well as physical health. Patients and families may have concerns about treatment, recovery, daily responsibilities and the future.
Open communication with the healthcare team can help patients understand their options and prepare for treatment. Counselling and other support services may be helpful when available and appropriate.
Follow-up & Survivorship Care
Follow-up remains important after cancer treatment. It helps the treating team monitor recovery, review side effects and assess for signs of recurrence when appropriate.
Follow-up schedules depend on the cancer type, stage and treatment received. Patients should attend recommended appointments and discuss any new or persistent symptoms with their healthcare professional.
Our Approach to Cancer Care
Cancer treatment involves important decisions that should be based on an accurate diagnosis and a clear understanding of available options.
An individualised care plan takes into account the type and stage of cancer, the patient's general health, treatment goals and personal preferences. Coordination between relevant specialists may help support continuity of care.
Book an Oncology Consultation
If you have been diagnosed with cancer, need further evaluation or would like to discuss treatment options, contact Habib Hospital to enquire about oncology consultation availability.
Bringing previous biopsy reports, imaging scans, blood test results and details of current medicines can help the specialist understand your medical history.
Important: Cancer symptoms can have several causes. Do not delay medical evaluation for persistent or unexplained symptoms. A qualified healthcare professional can advise you about appropriate investigations and care.